Outcome Graphic Organizer Definition: "This strategy is best used with a text that follows a cause and effect structure." (Miller & Veatch, 2011) It can have different sub headings and may also be known as a problem and solution map. This organizer analyzes cause and effect by expressing knowledge, concepts, thoughts, and relationships between them. "It's an effective visual learning strategy for students to use when finding the cause and effect within a text."(Inspiration.com, 2014)
Outcome Graphic Organizer Research: Reading Rockets research shows the illustration of cause and effect can focus on concepts within a text. Regardless of the label, graphic organizers can help readers focus on concepts and how they are related to other concepts. Graphic organizers help students read and understand textbooks and picture books.
How you may use it: This strategy can be used by having the teacher model it first. The teacher will read a cause and effect text aloud one section at a time. As a class, the teacher will record on the Smart Board the section read and specific details in that section. Students will also write down these things on their individual copy. The teacher is projecting her own copy to model to the class what it should look like. Then, after the details are recorded, think aloud with the class and generate the outcomes from a specific section and detail of the text. Do this for 3-5 sections with the class together. A more individual approach using this strategy would be for the class to use it as an exit slip. At the end of the day a teacher can read a section of a cause and effect book he or she has been reading the past week with his or her students. After reading the section, the teacher will have the students go to their desks. The teacher will hand out the empty exit slip that has three columns of "Section" "Details" and "Outcome." Each student will choose the same section (One read to them all that day), a specific detail, and the outcome from that detail. This will be the student's exit slip from class that day.
How it will benefit student learning: This strategy will benefit student learning because it's help students focus on text structure, help students write well-organized summaries of a text, improve writing skills, develop decision making, and developing reading comprehension. Students especially develop decision making because the students have to decide what the cause is and what the effect is. Before they can do that, they have to understand what cause and effect means so they know what they are looking for in the text.
Writing component of the strategy: RI.6.2 Determine a central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details. W.6.2 Write information texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection. This reading and writing standard ties into reading and writing because students have to determine the details of the text first; then write the information they gathered under details heading and outcome heading. Students are writing their thoughts down with this outcome organizer. Their writing skills can be no complete sentences. Short phrases work for the details and outcome because students will write whatever descriptive details that stand out to them most under a specific section.
2 videos with short summary: The first video discusses how students will learn to brainstorm possible outcomes to specific situations. This demo video demonstrates a short clip of a student picking a situation and seeing the outcome. Look Before You Leap is an interactive website for students to use to help brainstorm possible outcomes from situations. Students would be engaged and also learning different sample sizes of outcomes from different situations. For example, if you don't eat the outcome will be you're hungry. There's only one outcome that will most likely happen. Another example, you finish your homework and have a test the next day. Some possible outcomes could be: you only finished your homework by copying, but really don't understand the material; therefore you will not do well on the test, or you did finish your homework on your own because you understood the material; therefore you will do well on the test. The outcomes can continue more from there because some people don't finish homework, but still do well on tests, and etc. This video can assess student's knowledge of how many possible outcomes from a situation. The interactive website would be great for instruction because students can visually see the situations and outcomes.
The second video discusses key questions and signal words to use for the cause column in the graphic organizer. It also discussed how different causes feed into an effect or outcome. This video is great for instruction because it shows a variety of ways to set up an outcome graphic organizer. It engages students to let them know there is not just one way to do it. To keep students engaged, students can draw their own variety of outcome graphic organizers throughout the video so they will have their very own copy. To assess students I could pick a text of cause and effect and let them pick which outcome graphic organizer they would like to fill out for that assignment. The video gave me an idea to let students have their own options because it will keep them engaged if they get to pick their organizer and set it up their own way that is similar to the ones presented in the video.
Outcome Graphic Organizer Research: Reading Rockets research shows the illustration of cause and effect can focus on concepts within a text. Regardless of the label, graphic organizers can help readers focus on concepts and how they are related to other concepts. Graphic organizers help students read and understand textbooks and picture books.
How you may use it: This strategy can be used by having the teacher model it first. The teacher will read a cause and effect text aloud one section at a time. As a class, the teacher will record on the Smart Board the section read and specific details in that section. Students will also write down these things on their individual copy. The teacher is projecting her own copy to model to the class what it should look like. Then, after the details are recorded, think aloud with the class and generate the outcomes from a specific section and detail of the text. Do this for 3-5 sections with the class together. A more individual approach using this strategy would be for the class to use it as an exit slip. At the end of the day a teacher can read a section of a cause and effect book he or she has been reading the past week with his or her students. After reading the section, the teacher will have the students go to their desks. The teacher will hand out the empty exit slip that has three columns of "Section" "Details" and "Outcome." Each student will choose the same section (One read to them all that day), a specific detail, and the outcome from that detail. This will be the student's exit slip from class that day.
How it will benefit student learning: This strategy will benefit student learning because it's help students focus on text structure, help students write well-organized summaries of a text, improve writing skills, develop decision making, and developing reading comprehension. Students especially develop decision making because the students have to decide what the cause is and what the effect is. Before they can do that, they have to understand what cause and effect means so they know what they are looking for in the text.
Writing component of the strategy: RI.6.2 Determine a central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details. W.6.2 Write information texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection. This reading and writing standard ties into reading and writing because students have to determine the details of the text first; then write the information they gathered under details heading and outcome heading. Students are writing their thoughts down with this outcome organizer. Their writing skills can be no complete sentences. Short phrases work for the details and outcome because students will write whatever descriptive details that stand out to them most under a specific section.
2 videos with short summary: The first video discusses how students will learn to brainstorm possible outcomes to specific situations. This demo video demonstrates a short clip of a student picking a situation and seeing the outcome. Look Before You Leap is an interactive website for students to use to help brainstorm possible outcomes from situations. Students would be engaged and also learning different sample sizes of outcomes from different situations. For example, if you don't eat the outcome will be you're hungry. There's only one outcome that will most likely happen. Another example, you finish your homework and have a test the next day. Some possible outcomes could be: you only finished your homework by copying, but really don't understand the material; therefore you will not do well on the test, or you did finish your homework on your own because you understood the material; therefore you will do well on the test. The outcomes can continue more from there because some people don't finish homework, but still do well on tests, and etc. This video can assess student's knowledge of how many possible outcomes from a situation. The interactive website would be great for instruction because students can visually see the situations and outcomes.
The second video discusses key questions and signal words to use for the cause column in the graphic organizer. It also discussed how different causes feed into an effect or outcome. This video is great for instruction because it shows a variety of ways to set up an outcome graphic organizer. It engages students to let them know there is not just one way to do it. To keep students engaged, students can draw their own variety of outcome graphic organizers throughout the video so they will have their very own copy. To assess students I could pick a text of cause and effect and let them pick which outcome graphic organizer they would like to fill out for that assignment. The video gave me an idea to let students have their own options because it will keep them engaged if they get to pick their organizer and set it up their own way that is similar to the ones presented in the video.